On Sep 13, 12:29 am, wrote:
On Sep 12, 1:08 pm, Shelly wrote:

wrote:
Both, and only, the alpha male and alpha female wolves of a wolf pack
will exhibit RLU. (raised leg urination). ALL others in the pack MUST
squat.

It might help if you stated which kind of wolf you were referring to.

All subspecies of Canis lupus, except Canis lupus familiaris (dog)

Research Article
Wolf scent marking with raised-leg urinationhttp://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/abstract/110495003/ABSTRAC...

http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/c...95003/ABSTRACT
Research Article
Wolf scent marking with raised-leg urination
Dr. Anne S. Mertl-Millhollen 1 3 *, Patricia A. Goodmann 1, Erich
Klinghammer 1 2
1Wolf Park, North American Wildlife Park Foundation, Battle Ground,
Purdue University, Lafayette
2Laboratory of Ethology, Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue
University, Lafayette
3Indiana and Department of Psychology, Fort Hays State University,
Hays, Kansas

Abstract
Raised-leg urinations were performed almost exclusively by dominant
male and female wolves (Canis lupus). The alpha male and female in two
captive groups showed full raised-leg urinations (RLUs) throughout the
year. Each alpha male and female sniffed and marked on one another's
marks frequently; however, the pair that bred did more marking and
more double marking. They increased their marking frequency prior to
and during the breeding season, decreased it at the time of
parturition, while the female was in the den, and then increased to a
moderate level when the female took part in pack activities again.
Because the alpha pair was the principal sender and receiver of the
message within the group, it is likely that double marks function to
maintain and advertise the pair bond. Because the group that did not
breed also did not double mark frequently, the presence of double
marking in a captive group may be diagnostic of the viability of the
group as a pack.



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Received: 4 June 1984; Accepted: 23 December 1984